I am currently studying for a Ph.D. in Communications from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism. My academic work is focused on the history of deception and disinformation. My dissertation examines the ways in which deceptive communications shaped events - and influenced public opinion - in Britain and the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries. I also write about politics, media, communications, and disinformation for various publications, including the Columbia Journalism Review. Prior to joining the Ph.D. program, I worked for 10 years in politics and public relations. I hold a B.A. in History and Ancient History from the University of Nottingham and an M.Phil. in Modern European History from Cambridge University.